Dillard, Presiding Judge. Daljeet Singh and Raina Brothers, LLC,[1] and Ultra Group of Companies, Inc., are in the business of coin-operated amusement machines, which are often referred to as “COAMs.” As relevant here, following a dispute between the parties and a decision by a hearing officer awarding Ultra damages and attorney fees, both parties sought review by the Georgia Lottery Corporation[2] and, thereafter, the superior court. Each party now appeals from the superior court’s respective orders dismissing their petitions for review. For the following reasons, we vacate the decisions of the superior court and remand the cases with direction. The underlying facts are largely undisputed. Ultra is a GLC master license holder, and it contracts with businesses to place its COAMs[3] inside stores or other commercial locations. Singh owns and operates convenience stores throughout Georgia and also owns commercial real estate, where convenience stores and gas stations are located. On May 23, 2016, the parties reached an agreement to settle a lawsuit then pending in Gwinnett County.[4] Under the terms of the settlement agreement, Ultra agreed to dismiss its claims against Singh, and Singh agreed to provide, within thirty days, COAM contracts for eight years at two identified locations (one in Atlanta and another in Decatur), as well as COAM contracts for eight years at two unidentified locations within twelve months. If Singh failed to deliver the contracts on the unidentified locations within the specified time period, he agreed to pay Ultra $200,000. Ultra dismissed its claims against Singh, but Singh never provided Ultra with any contracts or paid Ultra in connection with the settlement agreement. In fact, Singh previously sold the identified location in Atlanta in 2015, although he retained ownership of the real estate until 2023. And just a week after entering into the settlement agreement, Singh sold the identified location in Decatur. Thereafter, Ultra filed a new breach-of-contract action in Gwinnett County, but the trial court granted Singh’s motion to dismiss, finding that Ultra had to bring its claims to the GLC.[5] Ultra then filed a demand for arbitration. The matter proceeded to a hearing before a hearing officer in July 2023. And based on the evidence adduced at the hearing, the hearing officer issued an interim decision finding: (1) Singh was not in breach of contract for failing to provide a COAM contract at the identified location in Atlanta because Singh “had no legal relationship to the retail business there at the time” the parties entered into the settlement agreement; but (2) Singh otherwise breached the settlement agreement in failing to provide Ultra with COAM contracts at the identified location in Decatur and the two unidentified locations. The hearing officer rejected Ultra’s request for lost profits, but awarded Ultra $100,000 in nominal damages for the identified location in Decatur and $200,000 in liquidated damages for the unidentified locations. The issue of attorney fees was reserved pending another hearing, after which the hearing officer entered its final award, finding that Singh acted in bad faith in entering into the settlement agreement and awarding Ultra an additional $100,000 in attorney fees and $18,600 in expenses. Both parties then filed requests for reconsideration and motions for review to the chief executive officer of the GLC. The chief executive officer took no action on either party’s motion, and the hearing officer’s decision was affirmed by operation of law.[6] On November 21, 2023, Singh filed a petition for judicial review in Fulton County Superior Court. In response, Ultra asked the superior court to “dismiss” Singh’s petition, asserting that the hearing officer’s award was supported by the evidence. Rather than filing a cross-appeal, Ultra also filed its own petition for review on November 27, 2023. In response to Ultra’s petition, Singh filed a limited appearance, in which he claimed that he had not been properly served with Ultra’s petition and, alternatively, the hearing officer did not err in making certain findings in his favor. Following a single hearing in both actions, the superior court entered identical orders in each case summarily dismissing the party’s respective petitions and directing the clerk to close the files. These appeals follow.[7] The ownership and operation of COAMs is a “highly regulated industry,”[8] governed by an extensive statutory scheme.[9] Importantly, the GLC has “jurisdiction of all disputes between and among any licensees or former licensees . . . relating in any way to any agreement involving” COAMs.[10] Such disputes are initially referred to a hearing officer,[11] who conducts a hearing in accordance with GLC rules, which must be consistent with the Georgia Arbitration Code.[12] Once the hearing officer issues a decision, that decision “may be appealed to the chief executive officer” of the GLC.[13] In turn, appeals from actions of the chief executive officer “shall be to the Superior Court of Fulton County.”[14] Importantly, when an appeal is taken to the superior court, [t]he court shall not substitute its judgment for that of the [GLC] or chief executive officer as to the weight of the evidence on questions of fact committed to the discretion of the corporation or chief executive officer. The court may affirm the decision of the [GLC] or chief executive officer in whole or in part; the court shall reverse or remand the case for further proceedings if substantial rights of the appellant have been prejudiced because the [GLC]‘s or chief executive officer’s findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions are: (1) In violation of constitutional or statutory provisions; (2) In excess of the statutory authority of the [GLC] or chief executive officer; (3) Made upon unlawful procedures; (4) Affected by other error of law; (5) Not reasonably supported by substantial evidence in view of the reliable and probative evidence in the record as a whole; or (6) Arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion.[15] With these general procedures in mind, we now turn to the parties’ specific claims of error. In Case No. A25A0021, Singh contends the superior court erred in dismissing his action for judicial review without rendering a decision on his petition or explaining the reason for dismissal. And because it is impossible for this Court to determine whether the superior court erred in dismissing these actions for judicial review, we vacate that court’s judgments and remand the cases for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. The parties—in their respective petitions for review to the superior court—purported to proceed under two different statutory schemes: OCGA §§ 50-27-76 and 50-27-102, which govern appeals from COAM disputes to the Fulton County Superior Court, and OCGA § 5-3-1 et seq., the Superior and State Court Appellate Practice Act, which governs petitions for review filed in state and superior courts from lower adjudicatories. As set forth above, when a party appeals to the superior court from the decision of the GLC’s chief executive officer under the COAM statutory scheme, as Singh and Ultra did here, “[t]he court may affirm the decision of the [GLC] or chief executive officer in whole or in part” or “reverse or remand the case for further proceedings[.]“[16] Notably, neither OCGA § 50-27-76 (b) nor OCGA § 50-27-102 contain any explicit provision permitting the superior court to dismiss the petition seeking review of the GLC decision.[17] On the other hand, under the Superior and State Court Appellate Practice Act, trial courts are permitted to dismiss petitions for review;[18] but such a petition may only be dismissed if the trial court finds one or more of the following: (1) The petition for review was not filed within the time prescribed or extended; (2) The reviewing court lacks jurisdiction; (3) The question presented by the petitioner is moot; (4) The absence of a justiciable controversy; (5) The failure of a petitioner to prosecute; or (6) The failure of a petitioner to comply with the provisions of this chapter or any court rule or order.[19] So, pretermitting whether the general provisions of the Superior and State Court Appellate Practice Act apply here, given the specific statutory scheme set forth in OCGA § 50-27-70 et seq.,[20] it is unclear from the record before us whether the trial court intended to dismiss the petitions under OCGA §§ 50-27-76 or 50-27-102, or the Superior and State Court Appellate Practice Act, or for some other reason. It is further unclear whether the trial court dismissed the petitions due to procedural infirmities or rather, as argued by the parties, if the court instead considered the merits of the hearing officer’s decision. Needless to say, we are “a court of review, not of first view.”[21] As a result, we may remand a case for further factual findings when “the trial court’s order lacks sufficient detail to enable meaningful appellate review.”[22] And because it is impossible to determine whether the superior court erred in dismissing Singh’s petition, we vacate its decision in Case No. A25A0021 and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.[23] For the same reasons, in Case No. A25A0044, in which Singh specifically argued for dismissal on procedural grounds but the superior court, once again, gave no basis for its dismissal, we vacate the decision of that court dismissing Ultra’s petition for review and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.[24] Judgments vacated and both cases remanded. Mercier, C. J., and Land, J., concur.
